TOP 10 SATELLITES BY ISRO

 

THE TOP 10 SATELLITES BY ISRO

The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System

(IRNSS)

The IRNSS satellite is an improved navigation system and is available only in India. It was launched on April 4, 2014 from the Sriharikota Space Station, India. Using IRNSS, we get information about time, disasters such as tsunami, vehicle movement and fleet movement. It provides navigation for hikes, travellers and sailors, it helps in smartphone integration, mapping of terrains, and audio/video navigation for drivers. Earlier, we depended on foreign systems.

                                                 

THE MANGALYAAN

A first of its kind in Asia, the Mangalayaan is the most anticipated programme of the Indian space department. The Mars orbiter mission was launched on november 5, 2013 to explore and study the Martian atmosphere. The aim of the mission is to collect information about the terrain, structure and environment and take photos on around Mars.

INSAT-3D

The INSAT-3D is a next generation weather satellite from ISRO which was launched on July 26, 2013. Its aims are improved meteorological information, monitoring land and water surface for changes in atmospheric temperature, humidity, pressure and other aspects of forecast.

RISAT-1

The RISAT-1, one of the radar satellites was launched on april 26, 2012 to improve remote sensing, monitor the earth’s surface all day and to monitor the working of remote sensing under all the weather conditions.

JUGNU

The JUGNU nano satellite was developed by IIT-KANPUR with the help from ISRO and was launched on October 12, develops 2011 to test image processing algorithms, developing the camera system for clicking the earth, calculate GPS use for user and to develop the inertial measurement unit system in space.

SRMSAT

The SRMSAT is also a kind of nano satellite launched on october 12, 2011 to let the government know about the global warming and pollution in the atmosphere and to monitoring the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O) in the environment.

MEGHA-TROPIQUES

MEGHA-TROPIQUES is also an Indo-French joint programme launched on October 12, 2011 to study the following phenomena in the two nations: Water and Energy cycles in tropical weather, changes in energy and moisture in the atmosphere, condensed clouds and water vapour, evaporation and precipitation.

YOUTHSAT

The Indo-Russian programme for the undergradute and graduate and doctoral students of the two countries was launched on April 20, 2011 with the following mission: Investigation of the composition of the upper surface of the energy of the earth’s crust and mapping of the dynamics of the earth’s surface.

RESOURSESAT-2

The RESOURESAT-2 is the successor to the first mission and is a remote sensing satellite. It was launched on april 20 2011 to provide details about the multi-spectral and spatial coverage, enhance the remote sensing capabilities and increase spectral swath from 23 km 70 km.

THE LIGHT

 

LIGHT-ESSENTIAL OF LIFE

Light is a form of energy that helps us see the world around us. Most living organisms need to see light to see. Man has always been fascinated by light-what it was formed, when, etc. It is now accepted that the universe originated from a “BIG BANG” some 13.8 billion years ago. The big bang happened when a single point in the cosmos, which is referred to as the ‘primordial egg’, either exploded or expanded, releasing huge amounts of energy at extremely high temperature and pressure.

                        PROPAGATION OF LIGHT (WAVE)

The energy that was spew out by the big bang was in the form of ‘light of photons’ or particles of light. Because of the high energy that each particle carried, they travelled in all directions at tremendous speed. As the expanding explosion cooled down, energy in the form of photons started getting converted into subatomic particles namely electrons, protons and neutrons. These particle gave birth to simple atoms like hydrogen , helium and lithium.

Meanwhile, the cooling of particles continued and bigger atoms came into existence. Energy was converted to matter. When matter was born, gravity started playing its role, and matter started coming together to form stars and planets. The universe as we know today started taking shape. Around 10 to 17 million years ago, simple molecules like nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), water (H2O), got formed. This was followed by formation of bigger molecules like amino acids, sugars, and later still bigger molecules like proteins , carbohydrates and DNA, and process of the evolution, from empty space to particles to simple atoms and molecules, assemblies, cells and large multicellular organisms have their origin in light. In sight, life comes from light.

Today we know that light is electromagnetic radiation consisting of waves of electric and magnetic fields. Light has an incredible speed of 300000000 metres per second in vacuum. This is the absolute boundary for motion. Nothing in the boundary for motion. Nothing in the universe can move faster than light. Though light is said to travel in the form of waves, the big bang theory tells us that light is particulate in nature (made up of particles). Newton also talked about the “the particles of light” (corpuscular theory), but at the time, certain properties of light could not be explained by this the theory and hence, the wave theory of light continued to hold good. Today, light is seen in the form of waves as well as particles.

We understand the world around us through our eyes with the help of light. When our eyes are not sufficient, we instruments that use light as the probe. The life that emerged from light is perceived and understood through light.

ARYABHATA

 

INDIA’S SPACE ODYSSEY

The Indian space research organisation launched the first indigenously made satellite, Aryabhata, into space in 1975. Though not a complete success, the project opened new possibilities for ISRO which runs one of the most cost-effective space programmes in the world. GEETA PADMANABHAN looks at the major achievements of India in space.

ARYABHATA satellite in old 2 rupees note

ARYABHATA - the mathematician 

April 19 is a special day in Indian satellite history. On this day in 1975 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the first Indian-made satellite into space. It was named after ancient Indian mathematician and astronomers, Aryabhata. In 1975, India built the satellite, but did not have the capability to launch in it into space. So ISRO used the soviet union’s Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. In 2018, India has reached a record of launching over 100 satellites at the same time. ISRO has also sent spacecraft missions to the Moon and Mars. Today, ISRO is praised for its exceptional work and India is thought of as one of the best in the world in the space exploration. It is in space exploration. It is interesting to see how the story began 43 years ago.

Vikram Sarabhai, the father of Indian Space programme, asked one of his scientists U.R. Rao to make an indigenously-built satellite. Why Rao? Because Rao was the only Indian who has worked on two NASA satellite projects. The launch of Aryabhata came 18 years after the world’s first satellite Sputnik I, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Aryabhata was launched from Kapustin Yar in the then Soviet Union by a Kosmos-3M launched vehicle. It weighed 360 kilograms. This launch mission was a part of an agreement between India and the Soviet Union signed in 1972 under which New Delhi would allow the USSR TO use Indian ports for tracking ships, if it would launch Indian satellites. The then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was given three options to choose from as the name of India’s first satellite. They were Maitri (friendship), Jawahar (Jawaharlal Nehru) and Aryabhata. She chose to name it after mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata.

Aryabhata was designed to study earth’s ionosphere. X-ray astronomy, aerodynamics, and solar physics. The project cost was Rs. 3.5 crores and it took 30 months to complete. Aryabhata operated only for 5 days before losing all communication due to failure in its electrical power system. Aryabhata re-entered the earth’s atmosphere 17 years later on February 10, 1992. Aryabhata may not have been a complete success, but the project opened new possibilities for ISRO which runs one of the most cost-effective space programmes in the world.

ARYABHATA - the satellite 

India has gone a long way in satellite technology since those days. ISRO has made great strides in improving its technology since those days. ISRO has made great strides in improving its technology. Our space scientist has improving life for the common people by launching satellite for better communication, GPS, weather forecast and mapping coastal and mining areas. All this information which is fast and accurate helps India develop its economy.